| What is ETCO2 Module Model C002 (MO-C002)?
The End-tidal CO2 module (ETCO2 Module) Model C002 or OEM ETCO2 module is a complete data collection and analysis system for monitoring respiratory carbon dioxide concentration. The ETCO2 module includes a miniature CO2 sensor, barometric pressure transducer, sampling flow control and a miniature low-power vacuum pump. A microprocessor collects the sensor data and calculates various real-time parameters: instantaneous CO2 concentration, respiration rate, end-tidal CO2, inspired CO2, inspiration and expiration times.
The module is highly configurable to meet most OEM implementation requirements. System specifications such as sampling flow rate and floating point data format can be changed by customer.
The host sends commands and receives waveform, breath parameters and command responses on two +5.0V asynchronous serial data lines (TTL or RS232). ... more details
What is Capnography?
Capnography is the monitoring of the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the respiratory gases. Its main development has been as a monitoring tool for use during anaesthesia and intensive care. It is usually presented as a graph of expiratory CO2 plotted against time, or, less commonly, but more usefully, expired volume. The plot may also show the inspired CO2, which is of interest when rebreathing systems are being used.
The capnogram is a direct monitor of the inhaled and exhaled concentration or partial pressure of CO2, and an indirect monitor of the CO2 partial pressure in the arterial blood. In healthy individuals, the difference between arterial blood and expired gas CO2 partial pressures is very small, and is probably zero in children. In the presence of most forms of lung disease, and some forms of congenital heart disease (the cyanotic lesions) the difference between arterial blood and expired gas increases and can exceed 1 kPa.
During anaesthesia, there is interplay between two components: the patient and the anaesthesia administration device (which is usually a breathing circuit and a ventilator or respirator). The critical connection between the two components is either an endotracheal tube or a mask, and CO2 is typically monitored at this junction. Capnography directly reflects the elimination of CO2 by the lungs to the anaesthesia device. Indirectly, it reflects the production of CO2 by tissues and the circulatory transport of CO2 to the lungs.
When expired CO2 is related to expired volume rather than time, the area beneath the curve represents the volume of CO2 in the breath, and thus over the course of a minute, this method can yield the CO2 minute elimination, an important measure of metabolism. Sudden changes in CO2 elimination during lung or heart surgery usually imply important changes in cardiorespiratory function.
Capnographs usually work on the principle that CO2 absorbs infra-red radiation. A beam of infra-red light is passed across the gas sample to fall on to a sensor. The presence of CO2 in the gas leads to a reduction in the amount of light falling on the sensor, which changes the voltage in a circuit. The analysis is rapid and accurate, but the presence of nitrous oxide in the gas mix changes the infra-red absorption via the phenomenon of collision broadening. This must be corrected for.
What is the difference between the ETCO2 Module Model C002 and Model C002A ?
Our ETCO2 modules are using two different pumps, one made in China (Model C002) and the Model C002A equipped with a Thomas pump made in Germany. The Thomas pump made in Germany is the best pump in the world, it is committed to continuously working for only 600 hours, the China-made Pump is also 600 hours of continuous working hours, ( never stop after powering on). After 600 hours, the pump will be damaged. But if work intermittently, Thomas pump life cycle can be up to 20 thousand hours, while the China-made pump will work intermittently for 4000 hours.
About the gas sampling pump, it is strongly suggested run it intermittently, running for 8-10 hours then stop it for a while before running again, please do so even with the ETCO2 modules equipped with the German Thomas pump. You can stop the pump running by powering off the pump or shut down the module. Because the pump motor is a brush motor, there is friction between the brush and the commutation device, continuous running for long hours will cause the temperature rise and aggravate the degree of friction, which is not good for the of motor.
So please don¡¯t keep the pump running continuous while evaluating the module.
What is an Ultrasound Wattmeter ?
Ultrasound wattmeter is an instrument to measure the output of therapeutic Ultrasound machines.
How the Therapeutic Ultrasound Intensity is measured?
One of the most popular method used to measure the ultrasound Intensity (power) is by the RFB (radiation Force balance) method. The sonic force emitted by the Ultrasound transducer probe exerts a force proportional to the radiated sonic energy when intercepted by a target. This force is proportional to the emitted power. The UPM 2000 consists of three major components, a precision load cell, a metal cone with 45 degree angle with 3 inch base and a water (degas) tank with rubber liner for absorbing the reflected sound energy. The cone immersed in the degas water act as the interceptor. The cone is mounted on a precision load cell for accurate measurement of the excreted force by the ultrasound waves. The measures force is computed to watts.
Is UPM 2000 portable?
UPM 2000 is compact, light weight and portable. It is battery operated.
How to check the calibration of UPM 2000?
The calibration of the UPM 2000 can be checked using the calibration weight standard given with the unit.
What are the standard accessories comes with the UPM 2000?
UPM 2000- ultrasound wattmeter comes with all standard accessories including AC adapter, carrying case, Transducer Clamp.
Why degassed water instead of regular clean water used in ultrasound wattmeters?
Most ultrasound standards specify water as the test media, since water approximates soft body tissues and fluids in propagation velocity and can be readily distilled, filtered, or degassed. Removal of some of the oxygen—preferably around 5 ppm—is necessary for accurate measurements. Small air bubbles cause secondary reflections and attenuation of beam radiation force, which causes lower power readings.
Where to get degassed water for the UPM 2000 - ultrasound wattmeter?
You may order Degassed water from Netech (PN: 1204) or any other source.
The following information is gathered from various public domains and is presented for general information only.
What is Therapeutic Ultrasound?
Therapeutic Ultrasound is a method of stimulating tissue beneath the skin's surface using sound waves. It is a very high frequency massage that can penetrate up to 5" below the surface of your skin. The sound waves are of a very high frequency, typically between 800,000Hz and 2,000,000Hz. The sound can not be heard by humans or animals. Humans can only hear sounds up to about 20,000Hz. This very high frequency sound affects very small molecules though like medicines and cells in your body and actually causes them to move.
Frequency
How ultrasound energy is transferred into the body is a function of many factors. The frequency of the ultrasound waves is actually opposite to how deep they will penetrate the body. A 1MHz ultrasound will penetrate about 4" below the skin whereas a 2MHz ultrasound unit will only penetrate about 2". While a low frequency means deeper penetration, using too low a frequency will mean that the waves are too wide to properly move the molecules. The frequency also has a significant impact on the phonophoretic properties of the ultrasound. Face mate Ultrasound has dual frequency, 1MHZ for deep penetration, and 3MHZ for skin and mesoderm.
Intensity
Power output is another significant factor. It is measured in watts per square centimeter. The higher the power, the more energy is transferred into the body. If too high a power output is used and an ultrasound unit is left sitting still on the body, it is possible to burn the tissue beneath the skin. While several professional ultrasound machines are capable of these high powers, your medical practitioner will typically use a low power setting. More power is not necessarily better. Practitioners usually use a higher power to speed up treatment though it is actually more effective to use a lower power setting for a longer period of time. Your Facemate has 8 power levels, up to 15 minute timer for each function.
What does Ultrasound do?
The heating and massaging effects of Therapeutic Ultrasound have 3 primary benefits:
?Ultrasound therapy increases blood flow in the treated area which speeds the healing process.
?Ultrasound Therapy reduces swelling and edema which are the main sources of pain.
?Ultrasound waves gently massage the muscles, tendons and/or ligaments in the treated area. This enhances the recovery rate of damaged tissue without adding strain, and softens any scar tissue that is usually present in an injured area. More... | 
